HUBUNGAN SOCIAL SUPPORT DENGAN SELF EFFICACY PADA LANSIA HIPERTENSI

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem among the elderly that requires long-term management. In Indonesia, 37.8% of the elderly population suffers from hypertension. In this condition, social support from the surrounding environment becomes an important factor in helping elderly individuals cope with the demands of treatment. Social support plays a role in enhancing a sense of security, motivation, and self-efficacy among the elderly in undergoing continuous health care. Low levels of social support can reduce motivation and self-confidence in adhering to treatment and controlling blood pressure.
Method: This study employed a quantitative method with a descriptive-correlational study design and a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 179 elderly patients with hypertension selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used were the Medical Outcomes Study: Social Support Survey (MOS SSS) to measure social support and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE Scale) to measure self-efficacy. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test.
Results: The results showed that 69.3% of respondents (N=124) had high social support and 73.2% (N=131) had high self-efficacy. Among elderly individuals with low social support, all of them (100%) had low self-efficacy. Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.768, indicating a strong positive relationship.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between social support and self-efficacy in elderly patients with hypertension. This indicates that the higher the social support received by the elderly, the greater their self-efficacy in managing hypertension.