NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW TANAMAN PADA FAMILI MYRTACEAE SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

Background : Hypercholesterolemia is a condition of increasing cholesterol levels in the blood that exceeds the normal limit, which is ≥ 240 mg/dl (Suci and Adnan, 2020). High cholesterol levels that exceed normal (hypercholesterolemia) can be a risk factor for the onset of non-communicable diseases such as increased risk of hypertension, stroke, heart attack, gout, cholesterol, coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases (Ministry of Health, 2022).
Objective : This research aims to determine the anti-hypercholesterolemia potential of plants in the Myrtaceae family which can be proven from several literatures discussing the potential of Guava, Bay Leaf and Jamblang plants as anti- hypercholesterolemia.
Method : This study uses descriptive qualitative research methodology, namely literature studies from various sources of literature from research articles both nationally and internationally. The national keywords “bay leaf” AND “hypercholesterolemia”, “guava” AND “hypercholesterolemia”, “jamblang” AND “hypercholesterolemia”. While the keywords for international articles are “Hypercholesterolemia” AND “Psidium guajava”, “Hypercholesterolemia” AND “Syzigium pollyanthum”, “Syzygium Cumini” AND “Hypercholesterolemia”, “Myrtaceae” AND “Hypercholesterolemia”. With a range of years 2014-2024. Fulltext and open access articles from Google scholar, Garuda Portal, Pubmed, Science direct.
Results and Conclusion : Based on the research, 22 articles were obtained and the results obtained were Guava, Bay leaf, and Jamblang have effectiveness as antihypercholesterolemia, because they contain several compounds such as, Flavonoids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Tannins, Polyphenols, (Pectin, Vitamin C, Lycopene, antioxidants), (Phenolics, Triterpenoids, essential oils, sesquiterpenes, phenols, and vitamins A, E and C), and Anthocyanins. The most common mechanism of action found is inhibiting the oxidation of LDL which acts as an antioxidant, where high levels of cholesterol in the blood increase the risk of atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits (plaques) occur where the lining of blood vessels easily clogs the blood vessels, resulting in an increase in peripheral resistance. blood vessels, which causes blood pressure to increase. The mechanism of action is found in tannin, vitamin C, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
Keywords : Myrtaceae, Narrative review, Psidium guajava, Syzigium polyanthum, Syzigium cumini, Antihypercholesterolemia