Evaluasi Tarif Angkutan Umum Antar Kota Berdasarkan Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK), Ability To Pay (ATP), Dan Willingness To Pay (WTP) Dari Kota Surabaya - Malang (Studi Kasus PO Bus Pelita Mas Surabaya - Malang)

With the ratification of Governor Regulation no. 21 of 2023 concerning Basic Tariffs, Upper and Lower Distance Tariffs for Economy Class AKDP Passenger Transport Using Java Province Public Buses which increases the upper and lower limit prices of vehicle tariffs to adjust fuel prices and vehicle spare parts costs. This has an impact on society, especially people with low incomes. It is known from the survey results that if there is even a small increase in fares, it will be burdensome for passengers because expenses will increase, thus affecting people's net income. As a result, many passengers currently choose to switch to other forms of transportation with lower prices, which will impact the bus operator's income because bus operators use a deposit system in distributing salaries, the fewer passengers will affect the distribution of their income.
Therefore, research was carried out on determining inter-city public transport tariffs based on vehicle operating costs, taking into account Ability to Pay, Willingness to Pay and comparing them with the tariffs determined by the government and the tariffs applicable in the field so that no party suffers or has objections. The tariff calculation used refers to the Ministry of Transportation's Vehicle Operating Costs guidelines SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002. The results of the evaluation of Pelita Mas Bus fares for the Surabaya-Malang route showed that the Vehicle Operational Costs (BOK) incurred by PO Bus Pelita Mas were IDR 7,039.35 /bus-km with an existing load factor of 60%. Tariff based on Vehicle Operating Costs (BOK) of IDR 22,738.23 rounded up to IDR 23,000.00, based on Ability To Pay (ATP) of IDR 20,002.89 for weekdays and IDR 20,005.72 for holidays and based on Willingness To Pay (WTP) is IDR 18,429.89 for weekdays and IDR 18,878.89 for holidays. Based on the results of research in the field, it was found that the current tariff is IDR 20,000.00, while the tariff determined based on regulations is IDR 18,000.00. This shows that the tariffs that apply in the field do not comply with the tariffs based on the BOK or government regulations.