DISTRIBUSI REGIONAL KEKURANGAN MIKRONUTRIEN PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN DATA SSGI

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiency among young children remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, affecting growth, cognitive development, and immune function. Data from the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) indicate that prevalence remains relatively high and varies across regions. Geographical disparities, socioeconomic conditions, and maternal characteristics particularly education and caregiving practices are considered contributing factors.
Objective: To analyze the regional distribution and determinants of micronutrient deficiency among young children in Indonesia based on SSGI data.
Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from SSGI. The initial sample included 62,000 children selected through stratified sampling. After applying inclusion, exclusion, and data completeness criteria, 19,381 respondents were analyzed. Variables included micronutrient status, residential area, maternal education, maternal employment, and post-exclusive breastfeeding feeding practices. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, chi-square tests for bivariate analysis, and multinomial logistic regression for multivariate analysis.
Results: Most respondents lived in urban areas within the Western Indonesia Time (WIB) region, and most mothers had completed senior high school. Significant associations were found between regional location, maternal education, maternal employment, feeding practices, and micronutrient deficiency risk (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed lower risk among urban children compared to rural (OR = 0.763; p < 0.001) and among those in WITA compared to WIT (OR = 0.576; p < 0.001). Higher risk was observed in children of mothers with no formal education (OR = 1.309; p = 0.045) and primary education (OR = 1.289; p = 0.011). Inappropriate feeding practices also increased risk (OR = 1.281; p = 0.005).
Conclusion: Micronutrient deficiency risk is influenced by geographic and maternal factors, with maternal education showing the most consistent association.