KONSTRUKSI GELANDANGAN DALAM NOVEL TERBENAM DAN TERSINGKIR DI PARIS DAN LONDON KARYA GEORGE ORWELL DAN MERAHNYA MERAH KARYA IWAN SIMATUPANG

Homelessness tends to be placed in a disadvantaged position or seen as a life with a negative image. The aim of this research is to describe the various types, causes and functions of homelessness. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary sociology approach. The novels "Submerged and Eliminated in Paris and London" by George Orwell and "Merahnya Merah" by Iwan Simatupang were used as data sources. Data analysis includes data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that in the two novels, the types of homeless people described include city homeless people, migrant workers, educated homeless people, rebels, and homeless people who are victims of the government system. The type of tramp has brought certain characteristics in creating the tramp character, giving rise to certain meanings and impressions. The causes of homelessness are social and economic conditions, loss of employment and housing, precarious employment systems, poverty, inequality, unfair power, and neglect of social problems. The differences in the causes of homelessness between existing characters provide reinforcement of how the condition of a homeless person appears in each story. This reveals many backgrounds or reasons why someone can be homeless. The function of homeless people in the social order in these findings leads to the birth of change, which occurs because of conflict between classes. One group often has to sacrifice another group. Because of this, conflicts always arise and groups that are classified as strong always try to improve their position and maintain their dominance, while weak groups try to create a movement for change.