LITERATURE REVIEW TANAMAN PADA FAMILI ALLIACEAE SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERTENSI

Background: Hypertension is a common health problem not only in Indonesia but also around the world. 1 in 3 people worldwide have hypertension, and the prevalence of this condition continues to increase every year. Hypertension occurs when diastole blood pressure reaches or exceeds 90 mmHg, or systole blood pressure reaches or exceeds 140 mmHg (Hasanah, 2022). Symptoms and signs of hypertension can vary, including headache, restlessness, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, neck tension, blurred vision, and easy fatigue. Headaches can generally be identified through certain characteristics, such as pain in the back of the head, especially in the morning (Putri, Satriyasa and Jawi, 2019).
Objective: To determine the antihypertensive potential of plants with the Alliaceae family that can be proven from some literature that discusses the potential of garlic and dayak onion plants as antihypertensive.
Methods: This research uses descriptive qualitative research methodology, namely literature studies from various sources of literature from research articles both nationally and internationally. National keywords "Garlic" AND "hypertension", "hypertension" AND "dayak onion". international keywords "Allium sativum" AND "hypertension", "Alliaceae" AND "hypertension", "Eleutherine bulbosa" AND "hypertension". with a range of years 2013-2023. Journals are fulltext and open access from Google Scholar, Pubmed, science direct.
Result and Conclusions: Based on the research, 20 journals were obtained and the results obtained were that garlic and dayak onions have effectiveness as antihypertensives, because they contain several compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, and allicin,. These compounds work by various mechanisms to lower blood pressure. Allicin, for example, inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and affects Ca2+ ions in the K-ATP canal, thus causing blood vessels to dilate and blood pressure to drop. Alkaloids in dayak onion act like β blockers, while flavonoids act as inhibitors of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Garlic contains allinase, peroxidase, and myrosinase enzymes that widen blood vessels, and produces hydrogen sulfide that acts as a vasodilator.