PENGARUH EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH SEBAGAI SEED COATING UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN VIGOR DAN VIABILITAS DUA VARIETAS KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

The main input needed to increase soybean yields is the use of high quality seeds. One of the limiting factors in the supply of soybean seeds in tropical areas such as Indonesia is the rapid deterioration of seeds during storage, causing a lack of availability of high quality seeds. Coating seeds with antioxidants is one way that can be done to maintain seed vigor and viability by slowing down the process of seed deterioration. This research aims to determine the effect of a combination of soybean varieties and several types of antioxidant extracts on seed vigor and viability during storage, to determine the effect of soybean varieties on seed vigor and viability during storage, and to determine the effect of several types and concentrations of antioxidants in maintaining vigor and viability of soybean seeds during storage.
This research was conducted at the Chemical Laboratory and Agrotechnology Laboratory, Muhammadiyah University of Malang. This research used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design. The first factor is the soybean variety which consists of two varieties, namely the Detap 1 (V1) variety and the Grobogan (V2) variety. The second factor is the type of antioxidant and antioxidant concentration used, consisting of 7 levels, namely without coating (K1), 1% dragon fruit peel extract (K2), 3% dragon fruit peel extract (K3), 5% dragon fruit peel extract (K4 ), pineapple skin extract 1% (K5), pineapple skin extract 3% (K6), and pineapple skin extract 5% (K7). Each combination of seed treatments was repeated 3 times. The stages of this research are: sample preparation of dragon fruit peel and pineapple peel, sample extraction and antioxidant content test in dragon fruit peel and pineapple peel extract, source seeds, preliminary tests, preparation of coating materials, seed coating, storage and observation. The observation variables carried out in this research were Water Content (KA), Vigor Index (IV), Growth Speed (KCT), Germination Power (DB), Maximum Growth Potential (PTM), and Growth Persistence (KST) of seeds.
The results of research on Vrietas Detap 1 and Grobogan soybean seeds showed that seeds treated with seed coating using 5% dragon fruit peel extract had high vigor and viability compared to seed coating using pineapple peel extract and controls. The combination of seed coating treatment using 5% dragon fruit peel extract on Detap 1 variety soybean seeds is a higher treatment to maintain vigor up to 72.67% and seed viability up to 80.67% during storage until Week 4. Treatment K4 (extract 5% dragon fruit peel) is an effective treatment to slow down the process of deterioration of soybean seeds of the Detap 1 variety and Grobogan variety during storage. Soybean seed varieties have an effect on seed vigor and viability during storage, Detap 1 variety soybean seeds have high vigor and viability during storage compared to Grobogan variety soybean seeds. This shows that seed variety influences seed vigor and viability during seed storage.