STUDI KOMPARATIF METODE ISTINBĀṬ FATWA MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (MUI), MUHAMMADIYAH, DAN NAHDLATUL ULAMA (NU) TENTANG PENGGUNAAN CRYPTOCURRENCY

Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that has a decentralized nature using a blockchain system. The existence of blockchain is a sign of greater development in the world of technology. This phenomenon requires Islamic law to respond to the legal status of cryptocurrencies to provide peace and security for Muslims. In Indonesia, issues related to cryptocurrency receive special attention from three fatwa institutions, namely the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) through the Central MUI Fatwa Commission, Muhammadiyah through the Tarjih and Tajdid Council of PP Muhammadiyah, and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) through Lajnah Bahtsul Masa'il NU Regional Leaders East Java. The three fatwa institutions agreed to condemn cryptocurrencies as haram because they were deemed to have greater harm than good. From this background, the author will carry out an analysis related to the legal istinbāṭ method used by MUI, Muhammadiyah, and NU as well as a comparative analysis.
The purpose of this research is to find out and examine the fatwas and legal istinbāṭ methods used by MUI, Muhammadiyah, and NU regarding cryptocurrencies and to find out a comparative analysis of the legal istinbāṭ methods used by MUI, Muhammadiyah, and NU in determining fatwas regarding cryptocurrencies. This research uses a normative legal approach.
The research results show that the three fatwa institutions carried out jama'i ijtihad (collective ijtihad) in the process of determining cryptocurrency laws. However, there are differences in the legal istinbāṭ methods used by the three fatwa institutions. MUI uses the istinbāṭ bayāni method. Meanwhile, Muhammadiyah uses the istinbāṭ bayāni and burhani methods. Meanwhile, NU uses the istinbāṭ ilḥāqī method.