Translating Discriminatory Expressions in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Outstanding Novel

Although studies on the expression of social class discrimination in
the novel have much been documented, there is a paucity of research
addressing how the expression of social class discrimination is
translated into English. In response to this void, the present study
aims at examining translation techniques in the expressions of social
class discrimination in the novels written by Pramoedya Ananta
Tour. This research employed a translation case study research
design. The data were collected through observations and Focus
Group Discussion. The data originated from Pramoedya Ananta
Toer's novel, containing clauses containing social class
discrimination. In this study, two questions are posed. First, what
expressions of social class discrimination were found in the novel?
Second, how was the expression containing social class
discrimination translated into English? The findings showcase that
the expressions of social class discrimination encompass
subordination, stereotypical perspective, marginalization, and
violence. In the same way, the most dominant translation technique
is established equivalence, followed by modulation, explicitation,
implicitation, paraphrase, transposition, pure borrowing, addition,
reduction, generalization, discursive creation, particularization,
description, variant borrowing, and deletion. The use of those
translation techniques indicates that the quality of the translation is
considered good. Discussion of implications empirically and
practically is presented in the last part of this article.