PENYEBARAN DATA PRIBADI KONSUMEN PINJAMAN DIGITAL DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

This study aims to analyze whether the dissemination of consumers’ personal data in digital lending services constitutes a violation of consumer rights and to assess the form and effectiveness of legal protection available under Indonesian law. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach through a literature study of primary and secondary legal materials relevant to consumer protection and personal data. The results of the study show that the practice of disseminating consumer personal data, particularly in the digital loan collection process, is often carried out without valid consent and violates consumer rights to security, comfort, and personal data protection as stipulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, and Financial Services Authority regulations related to digital loan services. The dissemination of such data generally occurs through excessive access to consumers’ contacts and personal information, which is then used as a means of collection that is intimidating and psychologically and socially harmful. From a legal protection perspective, consumers have the right to obtain preventive protection through the obligation of digital loan providers to maintain system security and compliance with regulations, as well as repressive protection through complaint mechanisms, administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions for violations. However, the analysis also shows that weak supervision, low legal literacy among the public, and the prevalence of illegal digital loan providers have resulted in legal protection not being optimally implemented.