KONSTRUKSI HUKUM PENGATURAN TINDAK PIDANA DEEP FAKE DALAM SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA

The development of artificial intelligence technology has given rise to the phenomenon of deepfakes, namely algorithm-based media manipulation that can produce content that resembles the original. The presence of this technology brings new challenges in legal, social, and ethical aspects, especially when used illegally on social media. This study aims to analyze (1) the modus operandi of perpetrators in using deepfake technology on social media, and (2) the legal regulations regarding deepfake crimes in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with secondary data sources obtained through documentation studies, including regulatory analysis, case studies, research reports, journal articles, and other related literature. The collected data are analyzed using thematic analysis methods to identify, examine, and draw patterns from emerging legal issues. The results of the study indicate that the mode of misuse of deepfakes includes various forms, ranging from manipulation of political opinion, fraud with fake job vacancy schemes, to the distribution of non-consensual immoral content that harms victims physically and psychologically. From a legal aspect, the instruments available in the Criminal Code and the ITE Law can be used as a basis for ensnaring perpetrators, such as articles regarding defamation, hoaxes, and violation of privacy. However, these regulations are still general and do not specifically address deepfakes, thus providing suboptimal legal protection for victims. This situation underscores the need for more detailed, adaptive, and technologically advanced criminal law reforms. This study recommends that the government immediately formulate comprehensive regulations regarding deepfake crimes, universities encourage further research in digital law, and the public improve digital literacy to minimize the risk of misuse of this technology.