PENGARUH PERILAKU KEBERSIHAN DAN FAKTOR SOSIO-EKONOMI TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BALITA: STUDI PADA INDIKATOR STUNTING, WASTING, DAN UNDERWEIGHT DI INDONESIA

Background: Stunting, wasting, and underweight among toddlers remain major nutritional problems in Indonesia. Household hygiene behaviors and family socioeconomic conditions play an important role in determining toddlers’ nutritional status. Poor access to clean water, sanitation, and waste management increases the risk of infectious diseases, while maternal education, maternal employment, and health insurance ownership influence families’ capacity to meet children’s nutritional needs. This study aimed to analyze the influence of household hygiene behaviors and socioeconomic factors on toddlers’ nutritional status based on indicators of stunting, wasting, and underweight.
Methods: This study employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach using data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI). Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression.
Results: The Chi-Square analysis showed that household hygiene behaviors and socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight (p < 0.05). Stunting was significantly related to water source, water management, toilet ownership, waste management, maternal education, maternal employment, and health insurance ownership. Wasting was associated with water source, toilet ownership, waste management, maternal education, maternal employment, and health insurance. Underweight was associated with water source, water management, waste management, maternal education, maternal employment, health insurance, and toilet type. Multivariate analysis identified waste management as the dominant factor for stunting (OR = 1.45), maternal employment for wasting (OR = 1.27), and maternal education for underweight (OR = 1.64).
Conclusion: Household hygiene behaviors and socioeconomic factors significantly affect toddlers’ nutritional status, with different dominant determinants for each nutritional indicator.