EVALUASI TARIF ANGKUTAN UMUM KOTA MALANG TRAYEK ARJOSARI - LANDUNGSARI

The public transportation fare policy in Malang City reflects a dilemma
between the service sustainability for operators and the affordability for users.
A significant disparity exists between the fare stipulated in Mayor's Regulation
No. 6 of 2015 and the actual fare implemented by operators. Regulatory
stagnation since 2015 has failed to accommodate escalating operational costs
and declining ridership, prompting informal fare adjustments. This study
analyzes the fare formula for urban public transport on the Arjosari–
Landungsari route (with a 70% load factor) through an analysis of Vehicle
Operating Cost (VOC), Ability to Pay (ATP), and Willingness to Pay (WTP),
based on primary and secondary data collected on weekdays and weekends.
The calculation results show that the ideal fare based on VOC reaches IDR
6,412.81 (rounded to IDR 6,500), while the ATP is recorded at IDR 4,444.90
and the WTP at IDR 4,992.75. Although the actual on-field fare (IDR 5,000)
exceeds the regulated fare (IDR 3,500), it remains below the VOC-based fare,
indicating a structural misalignment among government policy, operator's
economic viability, and user perception.