PERBEDAAN IMPLEMENTASI RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE II OLEH SPANYOL DAN PORTUGAL DI SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI

This study examines the comparative implementation of the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive II (RED Il) in the transportation sector between Spain and Portugal. RED Il is a strategic EU the same commitment to RED Il targets, there are significant differences in policy implementation due to geographic conditions, economic capacity, and regulatory stability. Spain, with a larger renewable energy capacity and a more complex energy market, faces regulatory challenges and policy instability, whereas Portugal is more stable and focuses on hydropower despite budget constraints. The transportation sector in both countries remains a major contributor to emissions, highlighting the need to accelerate the transition to environmentally friendly vehicles and strengthen renewable energy infrastructure. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to optimize energy transition strategies tailored to national characteristics while supporting global climate change mitigation efforts through EU supranational cooperation.