FAKTOR RISIKO SILIKOSIS PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI BATU BUATAN (ARTIFICIAL STONE): NARRATIVE REVIEW

Pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of hazardous mineral dust in the workplace. Silicosis is the most common and oldest type of pneumoconiosis. The incidence of silicosis has progressively decreased in high-income countries over the past few decades. However, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of silicosis associated with artificial stone. Artificial stone has a much higher crystalline silica content (90%) compared to natural stone (3-30%). This literature review aims to determine the risk factors for silicosis in stone workers and how to prevent it. The literature search was sourced from journals through several databases, SCOPUS, Science Direct, PubMed, Research Gate, and Google Scholar. Based on the analyzed literature review, it was found that the duration of exposure, type of work, education level, provision, and use of PPE are risk factors for artificial stone silicosis. Nutritional status is not a risk factor for silicosis but rather an indication of the prognosis of silicosis. Promotive effort such as public education regarding the dangers of silica dust and silicosis prevention can increase worker awareness. Preventive measures that can be taken include the implementation of 5 hierarchies of control, elimination, substitution, technological engineering, administrative control, and personal protective equipment in order of the most important to be carried out.