HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI GIZI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK ANAK USIA BAWAH LIMA TAHUN: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Background: Children under the age of five are in a period of rapid development, especially in terms of motor skills. Nutritional status plays an important role in supporting this process, as poor nutrition can interfere with the development of children's nervous systems and motor skills. Globally and in Indonesia, malnutrition remains an urgent issue. The WHO reports in 2024 that among children aged 0–59 months, 15.9% are underweight, 23.2% are stunted, and 6.6% are wasted. In Indonesia, SSGI data 2024 shows similar figures: 16.9% underweight, 19.8% stunted, and 7.4% wasted. Motor development, both gross and fine, is an important foundation for children to explore and interact with their environment. Therefore, ensuring optimal nutrition must be a top priority in efforts to support children's overall development.
Objective: Understanding the relationship between nutritional status and motor development in children under five years of age.
Method: This type of literature review is a narrative review by applying a research question (RQ). The RQ formulation is based on PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes).
Results: Nutritional status is an important factor in the motor development of toddlers because it affects brain, muscle, and nervous system growth. However, its influence also depends on interactions with other factors such as socioeconomic and environmental status, parenting styles, and stimulation. Therefore, interventions to support motor development in children should be implemented holistically, not only focusing on nutritional needs but also involving the roles of family, environment, and policymakers.
Conclusion: Nutritional status is associated with motor development in children under five years of age, but it is not the only influencing factor; other factors such as socioeconomic and environmental conditions, and parenting patterns also play an interrelated role in influencing this development.