EFEKTIVITAS UEFA DALAM MENANGANI KASUS RASISME DI KOMPETISI EUROPA LEAGUE PADA TAHUN 2020-2022

Racism is a well-known phenomenon in the world of football, especially in Europe. As the governing body for football in Europe, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) issues anti-racism rules and policies to reduce cases of racism in European football. So researchers are interested in examining how effective UEFA as an international regime is in overcoming racism in European football in 2020-2022. In this study, the authors used research methods based on literature study by collecting data using Harzing's Publish and Perish applications and processing data using software namely Mendeley and VOSviewer to help authors determine the basis for this research analysis explaining the ineffectiveness of UEFA's anti-racist system in European football. In this study, international institutions according to Robert O. Keohane, namely international regime theory, the urgency of regime effectiveness, and the sanctions imposed on clubs are used as indicators of handling racism in European football. As a result of this research the international regime of UEFA succeeded in promoting anti-racism values. This is evidenced by the decline in cases of racism in the UEFA European League competition which will be held in Europe from 2021-2022.
Keywords: Footbals racism in Europe, Regime effectiveness, UEFA anti-racismregime