ANALISIS KECEMASAN BERBICARA (SPEAKING ANXIETY) MAHASISWA BIPA PADA PRAKTIK KOMUNIKASI FORMAL

Students of the Indonesian Language program for foreign speakers (BIPA) often experience difficulties in formal communication in Indonesian. These difficulties are not only caused by linguistic barriers but also by speaking anxiety, which can hinder their ability to convey ideas and interact effectively. This phenomenon can be seen in classroom situations, including during formal communication practices, where BIPA students show symptoms such as nervousness, fear of making mistakes, and lack of confidence. This study aims to analyze; (1) the types of speaking anxiety experienced by BIPA students in formal communication practices, (2) factors causing speaking anxiety, and (3) strategies for overcoming speaking anxiety. The method used in this study is a mixed method with descriptive statistical analysis. The number of samples used in this study was seven respondents. The respondents in the study were BIPA students at level A2 at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Data collection can be done by means of interview techniques and distributing questionnaires via Google Form. Furthermore, the data is carried out with prerequisite tests such as validation tests, validity, and reliability tests, in order to ensure that the instruments used are in accordance with the aspects in this study.
The results of the study showed that speaking anxiety in BIPA students was influenced by various types of anxiety. First, group-based anxiety person-group communication apprehension had the highest average of 2.61 with a fairly dominant category, indicating that students often feel anxious when speaking in front of certain groups, especially those with authority or less close social relationships. Second, trait-like communication apprehension based on innate traits had an average of 2.52 which reflects internal influences such as low self-confidence or negative mindsets. Third, situational communication apprehension with an average of 2.00 indicates that this anxiety arises in certain situations that are considered important, such as presentations or communication in class. Finally, the type of anxiety based on generalized-context communication apprehension had the lowest average of 1.76, indicating that students rarely feel anxious in various broad communication contexts. In addition, related to the factors causing speaking anxiety, this study identified three main factors. Environmental factors recorded the highest average value of 2.71, which reflects fear of negative judgment and audience expectations, making this factor the main cause of speaking anxiety. The individual factor has an average of 2.58 indicating that lack of self-confidence and concerns about language skills also influence speaking anxiety.
The education factor, with an average of 2.51, indicates that less interactive teaching methods, academic pressure, and minimal teacher support also contribute to speaking anxiety, although the influence is smaller than the other two factors. On the other hand, BIPA students use various strategies to overcome speaking anxiety, with varying levels of effectiveness. First, the preparation strategy with the highest average value of 3.90 which is included in the dominant category indicating that thorough preparation really helps them feel more confident and master the material. Second, positive thinking with an average value of 3.66 is also effective, because it helps change negative mindsets to be more optimistic. Third, the peer search strategy 3.52 provides comfort and social support, which reduces anxiety. Fourth, the relaxation strategy 2.99 with a fairly dominant category, such as taking deep breaths, provides temporary calm but is less effective in the long term because it does not address the root of the problem. Finally, the 2.52 resignation strategy with a fairly dominant category is the least effective, because it only functions as avoidance and does not resolve existing anxiety.