ANALISIS YURIDIS SOSIOLOGIS TERKAIT KENDALA PEMENUHAN HAK NARAPIDANA DALAM KONDISI LAPAS OVERKAPASITAS SERTA UPAYA OPTIMALISASI DAN PENANGGULANGANNYA (Studi Kasus Di Lapas Perempuan klas II A Kota Malang)

Overcapacity in correctional facilities is an ongoing issue that not only violates the human rights of prisoners but also contradicts the provisions of the correctional law. This reflects the state's inability to ensure the welfare of inmates. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors causing overcapacity in LPP Malang, the measures taken to address these issues, and efforts to fulfill prisoners' rights under overcapacity conditions. The research method used is empirical, involving direct data collection from the field, using a juridical-sociological approach that combines legal and social aspects. The results show that overcapacity in LPP Malang is caused by prolonged trial processes, high crime rates, and a lack of alternative sentencing, with 422 inmates occupying a facility with a capacity of only 164 people. The resulting impacts include disruptions in rehabilitation, increased risks of infectious diseases, and tensions among inmates. Although policies such as remissions and restorative justice are implemented, the fulfillment of prisoners' rights is still hindered by limited facilities and human resources. The required solutions include the implementation of alternative sentencing, speeding up trial processes, and expanding facility capacity. Increasing staff and improving facilities are also crucial, along with community support and specialized training for staff and inmates to reduce recidivism rates.