MENGIDENTIFIKASI POTENSI FARMAKOLOGIS BUAH ANNONA SQUAMOSA : MELALUI PENDEKATAN JEJARING FARMAKOLOGI

Annona squamosa, commonly known as sugar apple, custard apple,
sharifa, or srikaya is a tropical fruit with significant medicinal value
rooted in traditional medicine systems across regions like
Indonesia. This study explores the pharmacological potential of
Annona squamosa fruit through the lens of network pharmacology.
The rich phytochemical composition of A. squamosa, including
alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, has long been recognized for its
diverse therapeutic effects, including antidiabetic, antihypertensive,
anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. However, limited research
has delved into the molecular mechanisms underlying these
benefits. We employed network pharmacology approaches to
systematically analyze the interactions between bioactive
compounds in A. squamosa and their molecular targets, aiming to
elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms and identify potential drug
targets. This study identified 12 secondary metabolites in A.
squamosa fruit and predicted 122 proteins that interact with these
compounds. Network analysis revealed significant enrichment in
biological processes associated with central nervous system
disorders and diabetes, suggesting potential applications in these
areas. Furthermore, gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis
highlighted the involvement of key hub genes, such as GRM5 and
GRIA2, in neurological disorders and diabetes. These findings
provide valuable insights into the pharmacological properties of A.
squamosa and underscore its potential as a natural remedy. Further
experimental validation and clinical studies are warranted to
harness the therapeutic benefits of Annona squamosa fruit in