PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BIJI SAGA (Abrus precatorius L.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS ULAT BAWANG MERAH (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI

The production of shallots in Indonesia, recorded by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2022, experienced a decline due to pests that often attacked shallots, one of which was the shallot caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua Hubner). One method to control pest attacks was by using natural pesticides, which could serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Saga seeds were used as a natural pesticide because they contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and abrin compounds that could increase the mortality of shallot caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua Hubner). This study aimed to analyze the effect of varying concentrations of saga seed extract (Abrus precatorius L.) on the mortality of shallot caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) and determine the effective concentration of saga seed extract (Abrus precatorius L.), as well as its use as a learning resource in biology. This research employed a quantitative approach with the type of pure experimental research or true experiment. The study used 6 treatment concentrations with 4 repetitions. The concentration treatments given were K= 0% concentration (control), S1= 1% concentration, S2= 1.5% concentration, S3= 2% concentration, S4= 2.5% concentration, S5= 3% concentration. The data analysis techniques used were the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, and Mann-Whitney post-hoc test. The results showed that there was an effect of varying concentrations of saga seed extract (Abrus precatorius L.) on the mortality of shallot caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua Hubner), with a 2% concentration of saga seed extract resulting in the death of 6 caterpillars. These findings could be used as a learning resource in biology for grade 10, phase E, in the element of biological understanding about the diversity of living organisms and their roles.