ANALISIS HIERARKI KEBUTUHAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL SEPTIHAN KARYA POPPI PERTIWI

Kebutuhan akan sesuatu merupakan alasan mengapa seseorang termotivasi untuk melakukan segala kegiatan yang dapat menunjang upaya individu tersebut dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan sebab kecenderungan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya hanya mengkaji hierarki kebutuhan manusia dalam tokoh utama saja, belum ada yang dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran hierarki kebutuhan tokoh utama dalam novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi dan mendeskripsikan relevansi hierarki kebutuhan tokoh utama dalam novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi dengan kebudayaan tokoh utama dalam novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi.
Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dan dikaji dengan melalui pendekatan psikologi humanistik. Data dari penelitian ini berwujud kutipan satuan cerita seperti kata, frase, klausa, kalimat, dan paragraf yang diperoleh dari novel tersebut. Sumber data diperoleh dari novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi. Prosedur pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik pembacaan dekat atau close-reading (membaca cermat dan teliti). Teknik analisis data dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa terdapat gambaran hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow pada tokoh utama dalam novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi, yaitu (1) kebutuhan fisiologis: kebutuhan makan, minum, pakaian, dan tempat tinggal, (2) kebutuhan akan rasa aman: kebutuhan tidak direndahkan, tidak stres, terbebas dari rasa sakit, (3) kebutuhan akan cinta dan rasa memiliki: kebutuhan dekat dengan keluarga, bersahabat, mengungkapkan perasaan, dicintai dan mencintai, dan memiliki pasangan, (4) kebutuhan akan harga diri: kebutuhan prestasi, reputasi, kemandirian, diterima dalam masyarakat (tanpa membedakan kondisi fisik, ras, dan lain-lain), dan dihargai, serta (5) kebutuhan aktualisasi diri: kebutuhan potensi diri, kebutuhan akan tanggung jawab, dan kebutuhan pencapaian diri. Juga ditemukan unsur-unsur universal kebudayaan pada tokoh utama novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi yaitu (1) sistem pengetahuan: belajar (2) bahasa: bahasa sehari-hari, (3) sistem mata pencaharian: pekerjaan, dan (4) sistem teknologi dan peralatan: penggunaan suatu barang. Hierarki kebutuhan tokoh utama dan kebudayaan tokoh utama dalam novel Septihan karya Poppi Pertiwi masih terikat satu sama lain, karena kebutuhan manusia tidak akan pernah lepas dari unsur universal kebudayaan di dalam kehidupan.

Dita Fatimah Sari. 2024. Analysis of the Hierarchy of Needs of the Main Character in the Novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi. Thesis. Indonesian Language Education Study Program, FKIP, Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Supervisor (1) Dr. Sugiarti, M. Si. (2) Candra Rahma Wijaya Putra, M. A.
The need for something is the reason why a person is motivated to carry out all activities that can support the individual's efforts to fulfill their needs. This research is important to do because the tendency of previous studies only examines the hierarchy of human needs in the main character, none of which is related to culture. This study aims to describe the hierarchy of needs of the main character in the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi and describe the relevance of the hierarchy of needs of the main character in the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi to the culture of the main character in the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi.
This type of research is descriptive qualitative and studied through a humanistic psychology approach. The data of this research is in the form of story unit quotations such as words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs obtained from the novel. Data sources were obtained from the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi. Data collection procedures using close-reading techniques (reading carefully and thoroughly). The data analysis technique uses the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
This study resulted in the finding that there is a description of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the main character in the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi, namely (1) physiological needs: the need for food, drink, clothing, and shelter, (2) the need for security: the need not to be humiliated, not stressed, free from pain, (3) the need for love and belonging: the need to be close to family, to be friendly, to express feelings, to be loved and to love, and to have a partner, (4) the need for self-esteem: the need for achievement, reputation, independence, acceptance in society (regardless of physical condition, race, etc.), and to be appreciated, and (5) the need for self-actualization: the need for self-potential, the need for responsibility, and the need for self-achievement. There are also universal elements of culture found in the main character of the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi, namely (1) knowledge system: learning (2) language: daily language, (3) livelihood system: work, and (4) technology and equipment system: the use of an item. The hierarchy of the main character's needs and the main character's culture in the novel Septihan by Poppi Pertiwi are still bound to each other, because human needs will never be separated from the universal elements of culture in life.