TINDAKAN SOSIAL PENGASUH PONDOK PESANTREN TENTANG BANTUAN PROGR AM INKUBASI BUMPES (Studi di Pondok Pesantren Al-Muttaqin Munggung Pulung Ponorogo Jawa

Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) play a strategic role as educational, social, and
religious institutions that serve as engines of socio-economic transformation within society.
Through the Pesantren-Owned Business Incubation Program (BUMPes), the Indonesian
government seeks to strengthen the economic independence of pesantren. However, its
implementation in the field reveals variations in perspectives, strategies, and responses
among pesantren caretakers. This condition underscores the importance of understanding
the social actions of pesantren caretakers as meaningful processes rooted in religious
values, social rationality, and pesantren culture. This study aims to interpret and narrate the
meanings and forms of social action of pesantren caretakers in responding to and managing
the BUMPes assistance program at Pondok Pesantren Al-Muttaqin Munggung Pulung,
Ponorogo, East Java. Employing a qualitative method with a hermeneutic–narrative design
grounded in Max Weber’s social definition paradigm, the study explores the subjective
meanings of caretakers’ actions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews,
participatory observation, focus group discussions, and document studies. Data analysis
was conducted interactively following Miles, Huberman, and Riessman’s model through
collection, condensation, presentation, and verification stages, using triangulation of
sources and methods to ensure interpretive credibility. The findings reveal that pesantren
caretakers interpret the BUMPes program not merely as an economic initiative but as a
mandate of da’wah (religious propagation) and a form of social worship. The program is
perceived as an integrative arena linking tafaqquh fiddin (religious understanding) and
tafaqquh fil muamalah (economic and social practice), combining spirituality and practical
education through value-based economic empowerment. Core pesantren values—sincerity,
trustworthiness, self-reliance, solidarity, and social responsibility—constitute the ethical
foundation of their economic governance. Empirically, the caretakers’ social actions
manifest five interrelated forms of rationality: instrumental rationality (efficiency and
managerial professionalism), value rationality (moral and ethical orientation), affective
rationality (empathy and compassion), traditional rationality (cultural heritage and
communal cooperation), and spiritual rationality (faith-based intentionality and devotion).
The interaction among these dimensions forms the concept of Pesantren Spiritual
Rationality (RSP)—a distinctive mode of rationality that harmonizes economic logic with
religious ethics and social morality. Furthermore, this study introduces the concept of
Spiritual Capital as an extension of social capital theory, emphasizing faith, morality, and
sincerity as ethical energies that foster social solidarity and institutional resilience. The
research also formulates the Pesantrenpreneurship Model, an Islamic social
entrepreneurship framework integrating education, da’wah, and economic empowerment
based on spiritual values. Theoretically, this study expands Max Weber’s theory of social
action by incorporating the dimension of spiritual rationality within the context of
traditional religious institutions. Practically, it provides a conceptual foundation for
policies and models aimed at enhancing pesantren economic independence and promoting
faith-based community development in Indonesia.