STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP DAN PREFERENSI KERJA SEBAGAI PENGEMIS JALANAN (Studi Fenomenologi Pengemis di Jalan Sigura - Gura, Kota Malang)

The phenomenon of street begging is a tangible form of urban poverty still found in various cities in Indonesia, including Malang. The presence of beggars in public spaces is not only related to economic constraints but also reflects individuals' efforts to survive amidst limited access to employment. This study aims to understand the survival strategies employed by street beggars and the factors that drive their preference for begging as their primary occupation. This study used a qualitative approach with phenomenology to explore the subjective experiences of beggars. The research location was on Jalan Sigura-Gura, Malang City, with five beggars selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis employed Moustakas' phenomenological stages,
The results show that beggars employ various survival strategies, such as moving from begging location to find more crowded and safe places, relying on community compassion, and adapting to the conditions of the public space environment. Meanwhile, the preference for begging is influenced by several factors, including limited access to formal employment, family economic conditions, family responsibilities, age, and health conditions that prevent employment in other sectors. From the perspective of Herbert Spencer's theory of Survival of the Fittest, begging can be understood as a form of individual adaptation to the social and economic conditions they face in order to maintain their survival.