TINJAUAN YURIDIS PEMBENTUKAN KOPERASI DESA/KELURAHAN MERAH PUTIH DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 25 TAHUN 1992 TENTANG PERKOPERASIAN

This study aims to examine the differences between the Red and White Village/Sub-district cooperatives and cooperatives based on Law No. 25/1992 concerning Cooperatives and to analyze the suitability of the rules for establishing the Red and White cooperatives based on the cooperative principles regulated in the Cooperative Law. The research method used is normative juridical with a regulatory approach, through a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis techniques used in this study are qualitative analysis, descriptive legal material analysis and legal interpretation, namely legal material analysis techniques carried out systematically, conceptually, and hermeneutically against Law Number 25 of 1992 and Presidential Instruction Number 9 of 2025. The results of the study indicate that the formation of the Red and White Cooperative which is top-down through the leadership of the president has the potential to violate the basic principles of cooperatives, especially as voluntary acceptance, participation, member participation, and democratic. In addition, the position of the Presidential Instruction as a policy regulation (beleidsregel) does not have binding force in general, thus creating legal openness in the formation of cooperatives which should be based on bottom-up community initiatives. Therefore, the formation of the Merah Putih Village/Sub-district Cooperative needs to be realigned with the legal framework of Law Number 25 of 1992 so as not to undermine the cooperative's identity as an independent and democratic people's economic movement.