IMPLEMENTASI PEMENUHAN HAK ATAS KESEHATAN BAGI KELOMPOK ORANG BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI KOTA MALANG PERSPEKTIF HUMAN RIGHTS BASED APPROACH

This research aims to examine the implementation of the Right to Health for Persons with Special Needs in Malang City. The central issues discussed include the extent to which the right to health is fulfilled for persons with special needs and the efforts undertaken by the Malang City Government in providing public services and facilities, as mandated by Law No. 8 of 2016 and Malang City Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2014. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a statutory approach combined with field studies and interviews. The findings reveal that the realization of the right to health in Malang City has not yet fully aligned with national and international legal standards, particularly the AAAQ framework (availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality) within a human rights-based approach. Field studies indicate persistent barriers to accessibility, such as non-inclusive infrastructure and uneven distribution of health services, which often neglect the complex needs of Persons with Special Needs (PSN). In terms of quality and acceptability, although healthcare professionals are considered competent, dissatisfaction arises due to discriminatory attitudes, resulting in inadequate recognition of dignity and specific needs of PSN. These conditions reflect violations of fundamental human rights principles and highlight the necessity of strengthening legal protection through mayoral regulations to ensure the fulfillment of health rights for Persons with Special Needs within the public health system.