PENGARUH SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BALITA DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN DI INDONESIA: STUDI KOMPARATIF MENGGUNAKAN DATA SSGI

Nutrition problems among toddlers in Indonesia are complex, with striking disparities between urban and rural areas. This study aims to analyze these differences in risk factors in order to formulate targeted intervention strategies. This comparative quantitative study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2022 SSGI. The analysis involved Chi-Square (bivariate) and Multinomial Logistic Regression (multivariate) tests to identify the dominant determinants of stunting, wasting, and underweight indicators in both regions. The analysis shows a significant relationship between socioeconomic, environmental, and regional factors and the nutritional status of toddlers (p<0.001). Urban areas act as a protective factor (OR=0.696). Environmental factors are the main determinants of national stunting, with the highest risk in rural areas (OR=1.646). However, for wasting and underweight, there are differences in determinants. Urban areas are more dominated by socioeconomic factors (OR=1.322 and OR=1.442), while rural areas remain dominated by environmental factors (OR=1.561). The nutritional status of toddlers in Indonesia is greatly influenced by regional characteristics. Rural areas face a heavier risk burden due to poor physical infrastructure, while urban areas are more vulnerable to household economic insecurity. Strategies to accelerate the reduction of malnutrition must be specified,
focusing on strengthening household economies in urban areas and accelerating the development of sanitation infrastructure and access to clean water in rural areas to
break the chain of malnutrition in a sustainable manner.