HUBUNGAN KONDISI LINGKUNGAN RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BALITA DI KOTA MALANG

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a major health problem among children under five years of age. Home environmental conditions are considered a risk factor for ARI occurrence. This study aimed to examine the relationship between home environmental conditions and ARI incidence among under-five children in Malang City.
Methods: This study used an analytical observational cross-sectional design. A total of 110 under-five children were included based on the study criteria. Data on home environmental conditions and ARI classification were collected through observation and record review and analyzed using the Spearman correlation test.
Results: The results showed that most under-five children experienced non-pneumonia ARI (61.8%), while 38.2% had pneumonia, with no cases of severe pneumonia. Most respondents lived in unhealthy housing conditions (74.5%). A significant weak negative correlation was found between home environmental conditions and ARI incidence (p = 0.017; r = −0.228), indicating that better housing conditions are associated with a lower occurrence of ARI among under-five children.
Conclusion: Home environmental conditions are associated with ARI incidence among under-five children but are not the sole determining factor. Therefore, ARI prevention should focus on improving housing conditions and strengthening family health education.