PELAKSANAAN TRANSFER DEVELOPMENT RIGHT DALAM KEBIJAKAN PEMANFAATAN RUANG DAN PENATAAN KAWASAN STRATEGIS DI KOTA BATU

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Transfer Development Rights (TDR) as a spatial planning instrument in Batu City, as stipulated in Mayor Regulation No. 7 of 2024 concerning the 2024–2044 Detailed Spatial Plan. TDR provides flexibility by allowing the transfer and exchange of development rights between sender areas (conservation zones) and receiver areas (development zones). This mechanism is intended to protect landowners in conservation zones from financial losses resulting from zoning restrictions, while also preventing land conversion driven by urban sprawl. However, despite the adoption of this mechanism, the conversion of protected rice fields covering more than 30 hectares still occurred in 2024. Therefore, it is important to analyze this phenomenon using the TDR framework proposed by Walls and McConnell.
Using qualitative research methods, data were collected through observation at the Batu City DPUPR, interviews with policy implementers, and document analysis of the ATR or BPN Ministerial Regulation, the East Java and Batu City Spatial Plans, the Batu City RDTR, and other supporting documents and literature. The results show that although the characteristics of sender and receiver areas in Batu City are consistent with the TDR conceptualization proposed by Walls and McConnell, differences in land ownership status remain and are influenced by the exchange of knowledge and interests during the designation process. Distortions begin to emerge due to the absence of a clear level of TDR allocation, the lack of an incentive and disincentive scheme, and insufficient information on TDR within the Batu City Interactive RDTR layer. Consequently, TDR in Batu City does not function as a market based instrument in the same manner as its implementation in Maryland. This condition is influenced by the limited capacity of implementing actors to understand the instrument and by the dominance of tourism and investment interests in the region.
This study analyzes TDR through a policy approach that is operationalized based on the basic TDR concept proposed by Walls and McConnell, with the findings revealing distortions between policy instruments and their underlying scientific concepts. Further research is recommended to focus on the local political context, particularly on how grassroots interests influence the effectiveness of TDR instruments.