PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK PRIVASI PENGGUNA MEDIA SOSIAL DARI DOXING (STUDI PERBANDINGAN: INDONESIA, SINGAPURA DAN MALAYSIA

This study aims to analyze the legal protection of social media users’ privacy rights against doxing practices under Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection and to compare it with the regulation and enforcement mechanisms of personal data protection in Singapore and Malaysia. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, supported by library research on primary and secondary legal materials. The findings show that doxing constitutes a form of unlawful processing and disclosure of personal data without consent, which substantively violates personal data protection principles, even though it is not explicitly regulated in Indonesian positive law. The Personal Data Protection Law provides a preventive legal protection framework through consent requirements, data subject rights, and obligations of data controllers, as well as repressive protection through criminal and administrative sanctions; however, its implementation remains suboptimal due to the absence of an operational personal data protection supervisory authority. A comparison with Singapore and Malaysia demonstrates that the existence of specialized supervisory bodies, clear complaint-handling mechanisms, and firm enforcement measures significantly enhance the effectiveness of legal protection for doxing victims. This study recommends accelerating the establishment of an independent personal data protection supervisory authority in Indonesia, enacting implementing regulations that explicitly address doxing, strengthening the role of social media platforms in preventing data misuse and unlawful dissemination, and enhancing public literacy on personal data protection. These measures are essential to ensure legal certainty, effective enforcement, and comprehensive protection of privacy rights in the digital environment.