PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI ATAS KESENGAJAAN MENGAKIBATKAN DILAMPAUINYA BAKU MUTU AIR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF GREEN VICTIMOLOGY (STUDI KASUS DALAM PUTUSAN NOMOR 136/PID.SUS/LH/2024/PN.RKB)

This study examines corporate criminal liability for acts intentionally causing the exceedance of water quality standards, with a case study of Decision Number 136/Pid.Sus/LH/2024/PN.Rkb. The primary focus of this research is the classification of corporate criminal liability and the analysis of the imposition of criminal sanctions from the perspective of Green Victimology. This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The findings indicate that in the a quo decision, the court has recognized the corporation as a subject of criminal law and imposed criminal liability on the corporation based on systematic fault manifested through corporate management policies or directives, acts of omission, and failures in the management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3). In this case, although the corporation was found guilty, the controlling corporate organs with strategic decision-making authority such as the board of directors and the board of commissioners were not held individually criminally liable. This condition opens opportunities for further research to examine more deeply the concept of cumulative criminal liability. Furthermore, the imposition of criminal sanctions in this decision has not yet fully aligned with the principles of environmental justice, species justice, and ecological justice as the foundational framework of Green Victimology. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating environmental restoration into criminal sanctions imposed on corporations, so that the environment is positioned strategically as a subject that must be concretely restored and effectively protected.