KELANJUTAN KERJASAMA PT. PERTAMINA DENGAN ROSNEFT OIL COMPANY PASCA SANKSI TERHADAP RUSIA

This study aims to explain the dynamics of cooperation between PT Pertamina and Rosneft within the National Strategic Project for the development of the Grass Root Refinery (GRR) in Tuban, which has evolved since 2016 under the influence of global political developments. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 became a critical turning point that affected the project’s direction, even though significant progress had been achieved in earlier stages, such as land acquisition, land clearing, the General Engineering Design (GED), and the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED). Geopolitical pressures and economic sanctions against Russia created uncertainties and caused delays in decision-making processes, particularly regarding the Final Investment Decision (FID). Despite these challenges, Indonesia continued to maintain Rosneft as a strategic partner, while also keeping the option open to seek alternative partners as an adaptive measure to respond to the unstable international environment. Using a neoliberal perspective, this study examines how the cooperation has been able to persist despite geopolitical pressures. The research argues that the state does not act as the sole actor in protecting national interests; instead, it collaborates with non-state actors, such as state-owned enterprises and multinational corporations, to create stability and reduce risks. Diplomatic efforts and strategic coordination, including high-level bilateral meetings between President Prabowo and President Vladimir Putin, show that international institutions and mechanisms continue to play an important role in clarifying the project’s direction, particularly regarding the FID target, which is now planned to be achieved by the end of 2025. Through this analysis, the study highlights the relevance of neoliberalism in understanding the sustainability of Indonesia–Russia energy cooperation, especially under conditions of international uncertainty.