RASIONALITAS TIONGKOK DALAM MENERAPKAN KEBIJAKAN ‘CARBON PEAK & CARBON NEUTRALITY’ DI TENGAH INDUSTRIALISASI DAN TUNTUTAN INTERNASIONAL

This study analyzes China’s rationality in implementing the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality (CPCN) policy in 2020, despite the country’s heavy reliance on fossil fuel–based industrialization. Using Graham T. Allison’s Rational Actor Model (RAM), this research highlights how the decision was shaped by strategic calculations in both economic and diplomatic aspects. The findings reveal that, from an economic perspective, CPCN is viewed as an effort to reduce long-term risks arising from dependence on fossil fuels, lower external costs of pollution, and promote a transition toward a globally competitive green economy. From a diplomatic perspective, the policy serves as a means to respond to international pressure, improve China’s global image, and strengthen its leadership role in global climate governance. The analysis shows that although CPCN entails significant transition costs and risks for traditional industries, it represents a rational choice that benefits China in the long run. Thus, the CPCN decision reflects China’s rational strategy in balancing economic development needs, international demands, and commitments to environmental sustainability.