EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI ZONA KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in the Israel-Palestine conflict using a qualitative and thematic approach based on Oran R. Young's theoretical framework of policy effectiveness, which includes three indicators: regulations and policies (output), the level of implementation and fulfillment (outcome), and long-term impact (impact). The discussion focuses on three main themes: protection of civilians, treatment of war victims, and the use of weapons. Research data was obtained from international legal sources, official reports of international organizations, and relevant academic publications. The results of the study indicate that although IHL has established a clear normative framework to guarantee humanitarian protection in conflict areas, its implementation on the ground is still far from optimal. Both parties to the conflict demonstrate a low level of compliance with the fundamental principles of IHL, such as distinction, proportionality, and precaution, which results in high numbers of civilian casualties and damage to vital infrastructure. Factors such as political obstacles, asymmetry of military power, and weak international accountability mechanisms contribute to the effectiveness of the implementation of this legal norm.