Studi Penggunaan Antibiotika Pada Pasien Pneumonia (di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSU Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang)

Background: In 2019, as many as 740,180 children under five died from pneumonia. Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death, with approximately 800,000 reported cases across 18 provinces in Indonesia. In East Java, the prevalence of pneumonia was 3.5% in 2013 and increased to 4.1% in 2018. The most common bacteria causing pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria enter the lungs and colonize the mucosa, starting from the respiratory tract to the lung parenchyma, which then leads to inflammation. One of the treatments for pneumonia is antibiotic therapy.
Purpose: To described the pattern of antibiotic use in pneumonia patients.
Methods: This descriptive study data taken restrospectively. The research material consists of medical records of inpatients from the period of January to December 2023. The instrument of this research was a data collection sheet that included 72 patients as sample.
Results and Conclusion: Based on the research results, the gender distribution showed that 54.17% of the patients were male and 45.83% were female. The majority of patients by age group were children 0 – 5 age (59.72%), while in the adult category, the highest proportion was in the 56 – 65 age group (11.11%). Among pediatric patients, The most common usage of antibiotics is combination therapy was cefotaxime + azithromycin (5.56%). For adult patients, the most common usage of antibiotics is single therapy was ceftriaxone (27.78%), administered at a dose of 1 g intravenously twice a day. The most common usage of antibiotics is combination therapy was ceftriaxone + levofloxacin (16.67%).