ANALISIS PENGARUH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, KINERJA TATA KELOLA MELALUI INDIKATOR POLITICAL STABILITY, DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI KAWASAN ASEAN

This study aims to analyze the influence of the Human Development Index (HDI), Political Stability, and the percentage of internet users on income inequality in ten ASEAN member countries over the period 2013–2023. Income inequality is measured using the Gini index as the dependent variable. The method employed in this research is panel data regression using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), selected based on the results of the Chow, Hausman, and LM tests. The findings indicate that both HDI and Political Stability have a negative and significant effect on income inequality, implying that improvements in human development and political stability can reduce inequality. Conversely, the percentage of internet users shows a positive and significant effect on income inequality, suggesting that unequal access to ICT may contribute to widening disparities. These findings imply that efforts to enhance human development and governance must be accompanied by equitable access and digital literacy to ensure that digital economic growth supports a more inclusive and fair income distribution.