“TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENGGUNA SEPEDA LISTRIK YANG MELANGGAR PERATURAN DI JALAN RAYA (STUDI TERHADAP PROBLEMATIKA SEPEDA LISTRIK DI INDONESIA)”

This research examines the legal issues surrounding the use of electric bicycles on public roads in Indonesia, which remain inadequately regulated under the current national legal framework. Although the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 45 of 2020 provides technical guidelines for the use of electric bicycles, it lacks provisions for administrative or criminal sanctions. This regulatory gap has led to legal uncertainty and weak law enforcement in practice. The legal problems addressed in this study are: (1) What are the juridical aspects of electric bicycle regulation under Indonesian law? and (2) What forms of criminal liability apply to violations committed by electric bicycle users on public roads? This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through literature review, including legislation, legal literature, academic journals, and other relevant documents, and analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the regulation of electric bicycles in Indonesia is still fragmented and not harmonized with Law No. 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. The lack of clear legal classification for electric bicycles has made it difficult for law enforcement officers to impose criminal sanctions for violations. While several provisions in the Road Traffic Law, the Criminal Code, and Ministerial Regulation No. 45 of 2020 can be applied analogically, they do not provide sufficient legal certainty. The study concludes that regulatory reform is urgently needed through harmonization between technical regulations and national legislation. It recommends revising the existing law or enacting a specific law that explicitly governs light electric vehicles such as electric bicycles. The government is urged to establish a comprehensive legal framework with clear sanctions to ensure effective implementation, legal certainty, and road safety.