PERAN PBB DALAM KASUS PELANGGARAN HAM PADA KONFLIK RUSIA-UKRAINA : STUDI KASUS TAHUN 2021 - 2023

The Russia-Ukraine conflict since 2021 has led to various human rights violations, such as attacks on civilians, torture of prisoners of war, and forced deportations. The United Nations (UN), as an international organization tasked with maintaining peace and upholding international law, has an important role in responding to this crisis. This research aims to find out how the UN carries out its role in dealing with human rights violations during the Russia-Ukraine conflict for the 2021-2023 period. This research uses a qualitative method with literature study techniques and descriptive analysis. The results show that the UN has an active but limited role in dealing with human rights violations in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The role includes three main forms, namely, as an independent actor through institutions such as OHCHR and the Independent Commission that reports violations to the International Criminal Court (ICC), as an arena for multilateral dialogue through the General Assembly and Security Council, and as an instrument of international cooperation in promoting peaceful resolutions and providing humanitarian assistance. In practice, the effectiveness of the UN's role is often hampered by Russia's veto as a permanent member of the Security Council so that law enforcement and sanctioning efforts cannot be maximized. These limitations suggest that while the UN plays an important role in maintaining norms and facilitating peaceful settlements, structural reforms are needed to enable the organization to respond more forcefully and effectively to human rights violations in future armed conflicts.