PENGEMBANGAN FLASHCARD BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN DAN EFEKTIFITASNYA TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP IPAS DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SD MUHAMMADIYAH 6 LAWANG

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of flashcard media based on Augmented Reality (AR) for the respiratory system topic in IPAS learning for fifth-grade students at SD Muhammadiyah 6 Lawang. The background of this research is rooted in the low conceptual understanding and learning motivation of students toward abstract and hard-to-visualize content such as the human respiratory system. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The developed product was validated by media, content, and language experts, and its practicality and effectiveness were tested through small-scale and large-scale trials using a quasi-experimental design.The results showed that the AR-based flashcard media had a high level of validity according to expert assessments (media: 80.65%, content: 85.62%, language: 95%). The product was deemed practical based on teacher responses (92%) and student responses (94.4% in small-scale trials and 93.50% in large-scale trials). The media was also proven effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding and learning motivation. The independent t-test results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control classes in both conceptual understanding (0.004 < 0.05) and learning motivation (0.000 < 0.05).