Rancang Bangun Sistem WSN Menggunakan Protokol LEACH-C Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Energi Pada Studi Kasus Pertanian

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is often used to develop decision support systems to solve various real-world problems. One of the main challenges in WSN is energy consumption, as sensor nodes are small devices with limited power, which affects the network's lifespan. The primary factor influencing energy consumption is data transmission, as most of the energy is used for wireless communication, such as data transmission and reception, rather than sensor reading or data processing. This study tests WSN using LEACH-C and LEACH protocols to improve energy efficiency in agricultural applications. The testing was conducted to evaluate system performance based on several parameters, including remaining battery energy, sensor node lifetime, latency, and packet loss. The results show that LEACH-C is more efficient in energy management than LEACH, with LEACH-C having 12.5% more remaining energy and being more stable during the cluster setup phase. LEACH-C also extends the sensor node lifetime, with an average of 17.39 hours, while LEACH lasts only 16.81 hours. Latency testing shows that the difference between the two protocols is not significant, although LEACH-C has a slightly lower average latency of 849.5 ms compared to LEACH, which is 938.5 ms. Both protocols successfully reduced packet loss to 0%. Overall, LEACH-C outperforms LEACH in energy efficiency, network stability, and load distribution, making it the more ideal choice.