STUDI PENGGUNAAN ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) PADA PASIEN GAGAL JANTUNG (PENELITIAN DILAKUKAN DI RSI AISYIYAH MALANG)

Background: Heart failure is a condition with a high global mortality rate, caused by impaired cardiac function due to inflammation and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which triggers vasoconstriction, fluid retention, and left ventricular hypertrophy. This reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. ARB therapy is effective as an anti-remodeling agent with fewer side effects compared to ACE inhibitors.
Objective: To determine the usage pattern of ARBs in heart failure patients at RSI Aisyiyah Malang, including the type, dose, combination, route, frequency, and duration of administration.
Methods: This research is an observational study with a retrospective approach. Data were obtained from the medical records of heart failure patients in the inpatient ward of RSI Aisyiyah Malang during the period of May to December 2024 and analyzed descriptively.
Results and Conclusion: ARBs were not administered as monotherapy but in combination. The most common two-drug combination was Candesartan (1×16 mg) po + Bisoprolol (1×2.5 mg) po in 7 patients (32%). The most frequent three-drug combination was Candesartan (1×8 mg) po + Spironolactone (1×25 mg) po + Bisoprolol (1×2.5 mg) po in 10 patients (20%). The four-drug combination included Valsartan (1×160 mg) po + Spironolactone (1×25 mg) po + Bisoprolol (1×2.5 mg) po + Amlodipine (1×10 mg) po in 4 patients (16%). A total of 24 switch patterns were also found.