LINGKUNGAN RUMAH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO PENULARAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU : NARRATIVE REVIEW

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains one of the major public health
problems in Indonesia, particularly due to its high incidence and transmission,
which are closely related to environmental factors. Unhealthy living environments
such as poor ventilation, high housing density, and inadequate lighting are
suspected to be significant risk factors for TB transmission.
Objective: This study aims to review various scientific literatures to analyze the
relationship between environmental risk factors and the incidence of pulmonary
TB.
Method: This study employs a narrative review method, analyzing various relevant
national and international journals published from 2020 to 2025.
Results and Discussion: The findings show that most studies found a significant
relationship between physical housing factors especially ventilation, humidity,
temperature, and lighting and the increased risk of pulmonary TB. Ventilation and
lighting emerged as dominant factors in several studies with high odds ratio (OR)
values, while other studies found these environmental factors to be insignificant and
suggested examining other variables such as air hygiene and individual behavior.
The discussion indicates that differences in findings among studies may be
influenced by research design, geographical location, and the socioeconomic
background of the populations studied.
Conclusion: Environmental factors, particularly ventilation and lighting, remain
crucial elements in controlling the transmission of pulmonary TB. Environmental
based interventions and public education are highly relevant prevention strategies
in combating the spread of this disease.