EFEKTIVITAS UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) DALAM MENGATASI PERMASALAHAN MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS DI MEKSIKO

This study examines the role of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) as an international organization operating in the environmental sector, particularly in addressing the issue of marine plastic debris in Mexico. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the condition, impacts, and potential solutions related to marine plastic debris in the country. A descriptive qualitative research method is employed, which involves describing and analyzing phenomena based on collected data. The theoretical framework utilized in this study is the theory of international organizational effectiveness developed by Frank Biermann and Steffen Bauer. This theory is applied through three contextual variables output, outcome, and impact to address the formulated research questions. The findings of this study indicate that, in terms of output, UNEP has implemented various programs, including Parley for the Oceans, the Global Partnership on Marine Litter (GPML), the Clean Seas campaign, and policies on the prohibition of single-use plastics. Regarding the outcome, these initiatives have led to increased public awareness in Mexico concerning the use of environmentally friendly products, advancements in the management and recycling of plastic waste through thermal valorization technologies, and active participation of local communities in beach clean-up activities. From the perspective of impact, fluctuations in the amount of marine plastic debris were observed in Mexico between 2019 and 2022. Based on the analysis of the three contextual variables output, outcome, and impact it can be concluded that UNEP has demonstrated effectiveness in addressing the problem of marine plastic debris in Mexico.