PENGARUH TIPE PERSILANGAN TERHADAP PEWARISAN KARAKTER FENOTIP BUAH PARIA (Momordica charantia L.)

Pariah plants (Momordica charantia L.) include horticultural crop commodities that are grouped into vegetables. Indonesian farmers have not been able to meet the needs of these vegetables both in quality and quantity. Although the prospect of pariah is quite bright, the cultivation of pariah plants is still carried out in a small scale without intensive maintenance so that growth is still not optimal. An alternative that can be done is to improve genetic quality through crosses. Productivity through crosses can be expected to create paria varieties that are more resistant to pests and diseases, have a shorter harvest period, or produce better quality fruit. This study aimed to compare the yields of open crossing (natural crossing) and directed crossing (crossing) techniques between paria-01 and paria-02 plants. This research was conducted in Tegalgondo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, East Java Province from April 2022 to July 2022. This study used single plant selection method by planting pariah genotype-01 and pariah genotype-02 in the provided environment. There were two types of crosses, namely directed crosses (pariah-01 genotype ♂ x pariah-02 genotype ♀) and open crosses (pariah-02 genotype ♀ x pariah-02 genotype ♀), resulting in 35 experimental units. Each experimental unit consists of 2 plants and uses 2 samples so that the total is 70 samples with a total of 140 samples. Observation variables include variables of fruit characters and seed characters (fruit surface, fruit tip shape, fruit base shape, seed surface and seed edge) and variables of fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, number of seeds, seed wet weight, seed dry weight, seed length, seed width and seed thickness. Qualitative data were analyzed by description and documentation using the Bitter Gourd Guidelines for the Conduct of Test for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (2007). Quantitative character analysis was analyzed by paired t-test analysis at the 5% level. The results showed differences in the character of fruit shape and no difference in the character of fruit seed shape in each cross. The results of quantitative character research showed that the results of directional crosses gave the best results compared to the results of open crosses. Directional crosses affect fruit length, fruit weight, number of seeds, seed wet weight and seed dry weight, but have no effect on fruit diameter, seed length, seed width and seed thickness.