Inhibitory activity of several extract of Piper betle Leaf against Staphylococcus aureus

A high number of infections from year to year require infectious diseases to get serious
attention. The antimicrobial compound exploration must be continued to anticipate the development of
infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to find out in vitro antimicrobial activity of nhexane,
ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions of Piper betle green leaves against S. aureus, and profiles
of secondary metabolite compounds contained in these three extracts. The antimicrobial activity test
was carried out by disk diffusion test of the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol at a
concentration of 6.25, 12.5 and 18.75 μg/disk. Detection of secondary metabolite content was done by
the Thin Layer Chromatography method with stain-view reagents. The highest antimicrobial activity
was found in the ethyl acetate fraction and was significantly different from the activity in the ethanol
and n-hexane fractions. However, the antibacterial activity of all fractions was lower compared to the
positive control of amoxiclav 30μg/disk. The phytochemical screening results of secondary
metabolites of each fraction were shown that the n-hexane fraction contained alkaloids, terpenoids,
flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthraquinone; the ethyl acetate fraction contained terpenoids,
polyphenols, and anthraquinone; while the ethanol fraction contained alkaloids, terpenoids,
polyphenols, and anthraquinone. Based on the test results, it is concluded that all fractions of Piper
betle leaf extract had high antimicrobial activity; meanwhile, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest
activities among others. Each fraction was proven to have a different composition of secondary
metabolites.